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ZnZr/HZSM-5 as efficient catalysts for alkylation of benzene with carbon dioxide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 404-414 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2215-6

摘要： Alkylation of benzene with carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce toluene and xylene could increase the added-value of surplus benzene as well as relieve environmental problems like green-house effect. In this work, the alkylation benzene with carbon dioxide and hydrogen reaction was proceeded by using the mixture of zinc-zirconium oxide and HZSM-5 as bifunctional catalyst. The equivalent of Zn/Zr = 1 displays the best catalytic performance at 425 °C and 3.0 MPa, and benzene conversion reaches 42.9% with a selectivity of 90% towards toluene and xylene. Moreover, the carbon dioxide conversion achieves 23.3% and the carbon monoxide selectivity is lower than 35%, indicating that more than 50% carbon dioxide has been effectively incorporated into the target product, which is the best result as far as we know. Combined with characterizations, it indicated that the Zn and Zr formed a solid solution under specific conditions (Zn/Zr = 1). The as-formed solid solution not only possesses a high surface area but also provides a large amount of oxygen vacancies. Additionally, the bifunctional catalyst has excellent stabilities that could keep operating without deactivation for at least 80 h. This work provides promising industrial applications for the upgrading of aromatics.

关键词： carbon dioxide     alkylation of benzene     solid solution catalyst     bifunctional catalyst    

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Continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquid

QIAO Congzhen, LI Chengyue

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 69-73 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0014-3

摘要： Based on a compulsive mixing-reacting-separating-recycling small experimental setup,the continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by [BMIM]Cl-AlCl ionic liquid were investigated. Three different situations including normal continuous operation mode (reagent materials), sidetrack feeding from different axial positions along the static mixing reactor (reagent materials) and normal continuous alkylation using industrial paraffin and olefins materials were examined. Even under the relatively hypecritical reaction conditions, the single pass conversion of pure 1-dodecene could reach to nearly 100.0%, and the selectivity of 2-phenyl isomer was higher than 37.7%. Although the positions along the reactor for sidetrack feeding were different, the 100.0% single pass conversion of 1-dodecene was also attained before the outlet of the reactor. The refined industrial olefins as raw material could meet with the requirements of continuous alkylation. The influences of impurities such as di-olefins and non-benzene aromatics on the catalytic activity and stability should be studied further.

关键词： stability     different     hypecritical     compulsive mixing-reacting-separating-recycling     non-benzene    

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Catalytic process modeling and sensitivity analysis of alkylation of benzene with ethanol over MIL-101

Ehsan Rahmani, Mohammad Rahmani

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1100-1111 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1891-3

摘要： A solvothermal method was used to synthesize MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-88(Fe), which were used for alkylation of benzene. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and BET techniques. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were modeled to investigate the catalytic performance and existence of mass transfer limitations. Calculated effectiveness factors revealed absence of internal and external mass transfer. Sensitivity analysis revealed best operating conditions over MIL-101 at 120°C and 5 bar and over MIL-88 at 142°C and 9 bar.

关键词： MOFs     alkylation     ethylbenzene     catalysts pellet model     kinetic model     sensitivity analysis    

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Benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquids: a review

QIAO Congzhen, CAI Yonghong, GUO Quanhui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 346-352 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0045-9

摘要： The introduction of ionic liquids to alkylation process gives a choice for “green production” in the petrochemical and detergent industry. A lot of papers and patents have been published using chloroaluminate ionic liquid as a novel catalyst for alkylation with high reactivity and easy separation from reactants. These included the acidity, characterization, determination and catalysis technologies in batch and continuous operation mode for different scales. According to published data and several results of pilot alkylation,including the authors’ experience,the prospect of chloroaluminate ionic liquids for commercials was also discussed. It has been pointed out that there still are many difficulties and challenges to be overcome for commercial application of the ionic liquid catalyst.

关键词： different     petrochemical     characterization     introduction     chloroaluminate    

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Alkylation of benzene with propylene catalyzed by FeCl3-chloropyridine ionic liquid

SUN Xuewen, ZHAO Suoqi, LI Hui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 292-295 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0053-1

摘要： Alkylation of benzene with propylene was carried out with FeCl3-chloro-butyl-pyridine (FeCl-[bpc]) ionic liquid as catalyst to obtain cumene. Significant improvements in propylene conversion and cumene selectivity under mild reaction conditions were attained by modification of the catalyst with HCl. Under 20ºC, 0.1 MPa, reaction time 5 min, mole ratio of benzene to propylene 10:1 and mass ratio of FeCl-[bpc] to benzene 1:100, conversion of propylene can increase from 83.60% to 100.00% and selectivity of cumene can increase from 90.86% to 98.47%. If reaction is carried out in following two stages, the result will be very good. At the initial stage of the reaction, alkylation is the main reaction and a higher conversion of propylene is obtained at a lower temperature. At the later stage of the reaction, transalkylation is the main reaction and selectivity to cumene can be increased by appropriately raising the reaction temperature.
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Alkylation of benzene with carbon dioxide to low-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons over bifunctional Zn-Ti

Xiangyu Liu, Yanling Pan, Peng Zhang, Yilin Wang, Guohao Xu, Zhaojie Su, Xuedong Zhu, Fan Yang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 384-396 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2045-y

摘要： Alkylation of benzene to value-added, high octane number and low toxic toluene and xylenes provides a way to lower benzene content in gasoline pool, and is hence a method to promote fuel quality. On the other hand, CO accumulation in the atmosphere causes global warming and requires effective route for its valorization. Utilization of CO as a carbon source for benzene alkylation could achieve both goals. Herein, alkylation of benzene with CO and H was realized by a series of low-cost bifunctional catalysts containing zinc/titanium oxides (Zn/Ti oxides) and HZSM-5 molecular sieves in a fixed-bed reactor. By regulating and controlling oxygen vacancies of Zn/Ti oxides and the acidities of HZSM-5, benzene conversion and CO conversion reached 28.7% and 29.9% respectively, along with a total selectivity of toluene and xylene higher than 90%. In this process, more than 25% CO was effectively utilized and incorporated into the target products. Moreover, the mechanism of the reaction was analyzed and the course was simultaneously traced. CO was transformed into methanol firstly, and then methanol reacted with benzene generating toluene and xylene. The innovation provides a new method for upgrading of fuels and upcycling the emissions of CO , which is of great environmental and economic benefits.

关键词： carbon dioxide     benzene     alkylation     bifunctional catalyst     mechanism    

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Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with radial mesopores: Preparation, formation mechanism and application for benzenealkylation

Darui Wang, Hongmin Sun, Wei Liu, Zhenhao Shen, Weimin Yang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 248-257 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1853-9

摘要： Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with radial mesopores is controllably synthesized using piperidine in a NaOH solution. The piperidine molecules enter the zeolite micropores and protect the zeolite framework from extensive desilication. The areas containing fewer aluminum atoms contain fewer piperidine protectant molecules and so they dissolve first. Small amounts of mesopores are then gradually generated in areas with more aluminum atoms and more piperidine protectant. In this manner, radial mesopores are formed in the ZSM-5 zeolite with a maximal preservation of the micropores and active sites. The optimal hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite, prepared with a molar ratio of piperidine to zeolite of 0.03, had a mesopore surface area of 136 m ·g and a solid yield of 80%. The incorporation of the radial mesopores results in micropores that are interconnected which shortened the average diffusion path length. Compared to the parent zeolite, the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite possesses more accessible acid sites and has a higher catalytic activity and a longer lifetime for the alkylation of benzene.

关键词： hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite     protective desilication     piperidine     radial mesopores     benzene alkylation    

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DNA alkylation promoted by an electron-rich quinone methide intermediate

Chengyun Huang,Steven E. Rokita

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 213-221 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1541-3

摘要： Biological application of conjugates derived from oligonucleotides and quinone methides have previously been limited by the slow exchange of their covalent self-adducts and subsequent alkylation of target nucleic acids. To enhance the rates of these processes, a new quinone methide precursor with an electron donating substituent has been prepared. Additionally, this substituent has been placed to the nascent -methylene group of the quinone methide for maximum effect. A conjugate made from this precursor and a 5'-aminohexyloligonucleotide accelerates formation of its reversible self-adduct and alkylation of its complementary DNA as predicted from prior model studies.

关键词： quione methide     DNA alkylation     reversible covalent reaction     bioconjugation     target-directed modification of nucleic acids    

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Numerical simulation of benzene transport in shoreline groundwater affected by tides under different

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1540-9

摘要：

● An approach for assessing the transport of benzene on the beach was proposed.

关键词： Numerical simulation     Benzene     Transport and fate     Shoreline     Groundwater     Tide    

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Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl

Leila KARIMNEZHAD,Mohammad HAGHIGHI,Esmaeil FATEHIFAR

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 835-844 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0695-4

摘要： A series of activated carbons with high surface area were prepared from walnut shell using chemical activation with ZnCl . In this research the carbonization stage was carried out at 500°C. The performance of the synthesized carbons evaluated in adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas. The influence of impregnation ratio on the characteristics of synthesized activated carbons as well as their adsorption capacity was investigated. The ratio of activation agent to walnut shell was selected in the range of 0.5–2.0 wt/wt. The synthesized activated carbons were characterized using XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR techniques. The highest activated carbon production yield was obtained at impregnation ratio of 1.5 wt/wt. The XRD analysis illustrated that peaks intensity decreased with increasing impregnation ratio showing that amorphous property of samples was increased. The SEM analysis revealed successful pore development in synthesized activated carbons obtained at high impregnation ratios. The surface area of the activated carbons increased with increasing impregnation ratio and its maximum value reached 2643 m ?g at impregnation ratio of 2/1. FTIR analysis indicated that the relative amount of different acidic surface groups on synthesized carbons was a function of impregnation ratio. Experimental results for benzene and toluene adsorption showed a high potential of employing synthesized impregnated activated carbon for treatment of waste gas. Generally, the amount of VOC adsorbed on the surface was affected by physicochemical properties of synthesized activated carbons.

关键词： Chemical activation     activated carbon     textural characterization     adsorption     benzene     toluene    

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Soot size distribution in lightly sooting premixed flames of benzene and toluene

Wang LIU, Jiaqi ZHAI, Baiyang LIN, He LIN, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 18-26 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0663-6

摘要： The evolution of particle size distribution function (PSDF) of soot in premixed flames of benzene and toluene was studied on a burner stabilized stagnation (BSS) flame platform. The cold gas velocities were changed to hold the maximum flame temperatures of different flames approximately constant. The PSDFs of all the test flames exhibited a bimodal distribution, i.e., a small-size nucleation mode and a large-size accumulation mode. It was observed that soot nucleation and particle growth in the benzene flame were stronger than those in the toluene flame at short residence times. At longer residence times, the PSDFs of the two flames were similar, and the toluene flame showed a larger particle size distribution range and a higher particle volume fraction than the benzene flame.

关键词： premixed flame     soot     particle size distribution function     benzene     toluene    

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Octane compositions in sulfuric acid catalyzed isobutane/butene alkylation products: experimental and

Lina Liang, Youzhi Liu, Weizhou Jiao, Qiaoling Zhang, Chao Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1229-1242 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2030-x

摘要： Octanes in alkylation products obtained from industrial alkylation were studied by batch experiments. More than eight octane isomers were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on a classic carbenium ion mechanism, the carbocation transition states in concentrated sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation were investigated using quantum-chemical simulations and predicted the concentration and octane isomerization products including trimethylpentane and dimethylhexane as well as the formation of heavier compounds that resulted from the oligomerization of octane and butene. The agreement between model calculations and experimental data was quite satisfactory. Calculation results indicated that composition and content of trimethylpentanes in the alkylation products were 2,2,4-trimethylpentane>2,3,3-trimethylpentane>2,3,4-trimethylpentane>2,2,3-trimethylpentane whether the 2-butene or -butene acts as olefin. Heavier compounds in the alkylate were primarily formed by the oligomerization of dimethylhexane with 1-butene. Hopefully, the carbocation transition state models developed in this work will be useful for understanding the product distributions of octane in alkylation products.

关键词： sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation     carbocation reaction     transition state     octane compositions    

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salts with highly electronegative cations as efficient catalysts for the liquid-phase nitration of benzene

Shenghui Zhou, Kuiyi You, Zhengming Yi, Pingle Liu, Hean Luo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 205-210 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1625-3

摘要： Metal salts with highly electronegative cations have been used to effectively catalyze the liquid-phase nitration of benzene by NO to nitrobenzene under solvent-free conditions. Several salts including FeCl , ZrCl , AlCl , CuCl , NiCl , ZnCl , MnCl , Fe(NO ) ·9H O, Bi(NO ) ·5H O, Zr(NO ) ·5H O, Cu(NO ) ·6H O, Ni(NO ) ·6H O, Zn(NO ) ·6H O, Fe (SO ) , and CuSO were examined and anhydrous FeCl exhibited the best catalytic performance under the optimal reaction conditions. The benzene conversion and selectivity to nitrobenzene were both over 99%. In addition, it was determined that the metal counterion and the presence of water hydrates in the salt affects the catalytic activity. This method is simple and efficient and may have potential industrial application prospects.

关键词： metal salts     electronegativity     nitrobenzene     NO2     catalytic nitration    

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Association of the genetic polymorphism of EPHX1 and EPHX2 with the susceptibility to chronic benzene

SUN Pin, ZHANG Zhongbin, WU Fen, WAN Junxiang, JIN Xibeng, XIA Zhaolin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 320-326 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0062-y

摘要： The aim of this study was to explore the association of the genetic polymorphism of and with the susceptibility to chronic benzene poisoning (CBP). A case-control study of 268 patients with CBP and 268 healthy workers matched by age and sex, all of whom were occupationally exposed to benzene, was conducted. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs2854451, rs3738047, rs2234922 and rs1051741) of gene and the SNP (rs751141) of gene were tested by the TaqMan PCR method. In the subjects carrying the genotype of rs3738047 GG, the risk of CBP was decreased in the individuals simultaneously carrying rs2234922 G ( = 0.02). Alternatively, in the subjects carrying the genotype of rs2234922 AA, the risk of CBP was increased in the individuals simultaneously carrying the allele of rs751141A ( = 0.03). It was also found that there were potential interactions between alcohol consumption and the polymorphism of rs1051741 ( = 5.28, = 0.02) or rs2234922 (= 6.71, = 0.01). Compared to individuals with rs1051741 CC or rs2234922 AA genotype in the drinkers, the risk of CBP in those carrying genotypes of rs1051741 CT+TT or rs2234922 AG+GG was decreased, respectively ( = 0.04, 〈0.01). Haplotype analysis of polymorphisms in showed that the risk of CBP was increased in the subjects with haplotype 2 (rs2854451-A, rs3738047-G, rs2234922-A, rs1051741-C) or haplotype 4 (rs2854451-G, rs3738047-A, rs2234922-G, rs1051741-T), but decreased in those with haplotype 6 (rs2854451-G, rs3738047-G, rs2234922-G, rs1051741-T) or haplotype 10 (rs2854451-A, rs3738047-A, rs2234922-G, rs1051741-T), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking might play a role in modifying the risk of CBP (OR = 0.313, 95% CI: 0.123 0.794, = 0.015). The genetic polymorphism in may be associated with the risk of CBP in the Chinese occupational population and further research is needed for the association between the genetic polymorphism in and the susceptibility to CBP.

关键词： case-control     rs2854451     regression analysis     haplotype     further research    

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新型苯加氢反应器的研究

A.M.Anter,程振民,肖琼,胡劲松,袁渭康

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第6期   页码 59-63

摘要：

文章提出了依靠相变蒸发吸收反应热，同时解决移热和加速反应等问题的新型化学反应器并开展了实验研究。实验在加压下进行，催化剂床层高度为1.0m，反应器内径为0.02m，苯加氢生成环已烷为研究体系，实验中采用气液并流向上流动的方式通过催化剂床层。在操作条件：ρ=0.5～3.0MPa、θ=150℃、液体空速=1.1~6.9h-1、氢油体积比=300~1910下，苯的转化率及环已烷的收率均可达到99.9%以上。为了防止反应器内发生飞温，实验采用苯与环已烷的混合物作为原料，其中苯的质量分数为15%~25%。随着反应物料不断进入反应器，液相物料吸收反应放出的热量而蒸发，因此在适当的操作条件下床层内可同时存在液相反应区、气液两相区和气相反应区。

关键词： 相变反应器     苯     加氢     环已烷    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

ZnZr/HZSM-5 as efficient catalysts for alkylation of benzene with carbon dioxide

期刊论文

Continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquid

QIAO Congzhen, LI Chengyue

期刊论文

Catalytic process modeling and sensitivity analysis of alkylation of benzene with ethanol over MIL-101

Ehsan Rahmani, Mohammad Rahmani

期刊论文

Benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquids: a review

QIAO Congzhen, CAI Yonghong, GUO Quanhui

期刊论文

Alkylation of benzene with propylene catalyzed by FeCl3-chloropyridine ionic liquid

SUN Xuewen, ZHAO Suoqi, LI Hui

期刊论文

Alkylation of benzene with carbon dioxide to low-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons over bifunctional Zn-Ti

Xiangyu Liu, Yanling Pan, Peng Zhang, Yilin Wang, Guohao Xu, Zhaojie Su, Xuedong Zhu, Fan Yang

期刊论文

Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with radial mesopores: Preparation, formation mechanism and application for benzenealkylation

Darui Wang, Hongmin Sun, Wei Liu, Zhenhao Shen, Weimin Yang

期刊论文

DNA alkylation promoted by an electron-rich quinone methide intermediate

Chengyun Huang,Steven E. Rokita

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of benzene transport in shoreline groundwater affected by tides under different

期刊论文

Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl

Leila KARIMNEZHAD,Mohammad HAGHIGHI,Esmaeil FATEHIFAR

期刊论文

Soot size distribution in lightly sooting premixed flames of benzene and toluene

Wang LIU, Jiaqi ZHAI, Baiyang LIN, He LIN, Dong HAN

期刊论文

Octane compositions in sulfuric acid catalyzed isobutane/butene alkylation products: experimental and

Lina Liang, Youzhi Liu, Weizhou Jiao, Qiaoling Zhang, Chao Zhang

期刊论文

salts with highly electronegative cations as efficient catalysts for the liquid-phase nitration of benzene

Shenghui Zhou, Kuiyi You, Zhengming Yi, Pingle Liu, Hean Luo

期刊论文

Association of the genetic polymorphism of EPHX1 and EPHX2 with the susceptibility to chronic benzene

SUN Pin, ZHANG Zhongbin, WU Fen, WAN Junxiang, JIN Xibeng, XIA Zhaolin

期刊论文

新型苯加氢反应器的研究

A.M.Anter,程振民,肖琼,胡劲松,袁渭康

期刊论文